Diabetes Hospital in Jaipur

Commonly Known Hormones

The human body generates over 50 hormones, come essential hormones include:

Adrenaline causes the body to react in a way that helps us respond to stress. It releases on facing a stressful situation, such as an emergency or fight-or-flight situation. The primary role of Adrenaline is to help the body manage stress by helping focus on the situation at hand and giving extra energy and strength.
Estrogen produced by the ovaries plays a vital role in developing female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics,z such as breast growth. In addition, Estrogen is involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and reproductive tract health.
Growth Hormone is a peptide hormone made by the Pituitary Gland. It helps to regulate growth, cell reproduction and regeneration, and human metabolism.
Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of cells, which causes them to take up glucose from the bloodstream. This process regulates blood sugar levels.
Melatonin helps regulate the sleep cycle. The Pineal Gland produces it in the brain, telling the body when to sleep by signaling it is nighttime.
A Thyroid Hormone is a substance secreted by the thyroid gland. It regulates metabolism and growth, affecting nearly every body cell.
Testosterone produced in the testicles and adrenal glands is responsible for many physiological processes, including muscle growth and maintenance, libido, and bone health.

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Conditions that Endocrinologists Treat

Diabetes

Diabetes is when the body cannot create enough Insulin. This hormone helps the body to create energy using glucose. When we eat, the body breaks down carbohydrates into sugars for energy. The Pancreas makes Insulin to help cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

The two main types of Diabetes are:

Type 1 Diabetes is a type that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and cannot be controlled with diet and exercise alone. It results when the Pancreas fails to produce enough Insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes is a type that usually develops in adults and results from insulin resistance combined with a relative lack of insulin production by the Pancreas. This form can be controlled with diet and exercise but may require oral medications or insulin injections.

Thyroid Conditions

Thyroid conditions result from an overactive or underactive thyroid or problems with the pituitary gland, which directs the Thyroid.

Hyperthyroidism is an overactive Thyroid (producing too much thyroid hormone), causing symptoms like a rapid heart rate, weight loss, and increased appetite.
Hypothyroidism occurs when the Thyroid is underactive (producing too little thyroid hormone), causing symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.

Metabolic Conditions

Metabolic conditions occur when the body cannot break down food or process nutrients. The most common metabolic conditions include Diabetes and obesity.

An underlying medical issue, such as a genetic disorder or an infection, can cause a metabolic condition. In other cases, it can result from lifestyle choices like excessive exercise or dieting.

Sexual Function and Reproduction Conditions

Sexual Function and Reproduction Conditions happen when a body's reproductive system does not function properly. Different disorders can affect sexual function, including Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Premature Ejaculation, Vaginismus (involuntary spasms of the Vagina during sex), painful intercourse, low sex drive/libido, and infertility.

Bone Conditions

Bone conditions affect the skeleton and result from Endocrine problems, such as Hypothyroidism or Hyperparathyroidism.

Osteoporosis results in weak and brittle bones and leads to fractures and disability if left untreated.
Osteoarthritis is degenerative and occurs when cartilage wears out in the joints and causes pain, swelling, and reduced movement.
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone marrow that bacteria or fungi can cause.

Endocrine Cancers

Endocrine Cancers are a broad category of tumors that affect the Endocrine System. The most common types of Endocrine Cancers are:

Thyroid Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Parathyroid Cancer
Adrenal Gland Cancer

Diagnostic Procedures

Five-Day Glucose Sensor (Diabetes) Test

This test determines whether a patient has Diabetes. It involves a five-day monitoring of glucose levels in the blood. It is often a follow-up after an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

The test checks the body's response to glucose. It determines whether a patient has Diabetes or checks for Gestational Diabetes in pregnant women.

The test involves drinking a sugary solution and collecting blood samples at specific times, which can indicate insulin resistance or other health issues.

Urine Test

A urine test may assess the levels of certain chemicals in the body, including blood sugar, blood proteins, and minerals such as calcium, sodium, and phosphorus. The various methods include:

Urine Dipstick Test
Microscopic Exam
Stain Test

TSH Blood Test

The Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) measures the level of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in the blood.

The test diagnoses Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, and Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid Scan

A Thyroid Scan uses a radioactive isotope to identify the functioning of the Thyroid gland. This scan diagnoses thyroid conditions, such as Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism.

ACTH Stimulation Test

ACTH Stimulation Test, also known as Cortisol Stimulation Test, measures Cortisol in the body. Adrenal Glands secrete Cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate the metabolism, blood pressure, and immune system.

CRH Stimulation Test

The CRH Stimulation Test diagnoses Cushing's Syndrome. The patient receives an injection of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH), and the effects of the hormone are analyzed.

CRH is a naturally occurring hormone that stimulates the Pituitary Gland to produce ACTH, another hormone that controls Cortisol production by the Adrenal Glands. An excessive amount of ACTH can lead to Hypercortisolism (high cortisol levels), which can cause Cushing's Syndrome and other symptoms.

Semen Analysis

Semen Analysis helps determine the health of a man's reproductive organs, as well as his fertility. It can also provide information about overall health and well-being.

The test involves analyzing several components of semen to evaluate its quality and quantity.

Dexamethasone Suppression Test

The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) measures the body's ability to produce Cortisol. It helps diagnose Addison's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome, two conditions that can lead to Hypercortisolism.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Test

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Test (FNAC) diagnoses cancer and other diseases. The doctor inserts a needle into the tissue and removes cells. These cells are then examined under a microscope to determine if they are cancerous or not.

Bone Density Test

Bone Density tests measure the amount of calcium in the bones. The test can help determine if a patient has a low bone density, which can lead to Osteoporosis.

It is also called DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry).

Treatments

Endocrine Therapy

Endocrine Therapy uses medication or treatment to increase or regulate the levels of a Hormone or multiple hormones in the body. Endocrine therapy treats cancer and other illnesses, as well as manages symptoms.

Endocrine Therapy works by either adding, blocking, or removing hormones from the body. For example, it may increase Estrogen levels in women with breast cancer or reduce testosterone levels in men with prostate cancer.

Cushing Syndrome Treatment

Cushing Syndrome is a condition caused by the overproduction of Cortisol.

Surgery treats Cushing Syndrome if a tumor or cyst causes it in the Pituitary Gland. In this case, the tumor or cyst will be removed and replaced with healthy tissue.

Radiation therapy can treat Cushing Syndrome if a tumor or cyst causes it in another part of the body, like the Adrenal Glands or Pancreas. In this case, radiation kills cancer cells so they do not continue to grow and spread throughout the body.

Diabetes Management

Diabetes management includes counseling, education, and lifestyle management. The treatments include:

Diabetic Eye Screening

This test evaluates the eyes for signs of Retinopathy due to high blood sugar, which can cause blindness if not treated promptly.

Laser Photocoagulation

This procedure uses laser light to treat bleeding or leaking blood vessels in the eye. It prevents further vision loss from diabetic Retinopathy.

Vitrectomy Surgery

This surgery may be necessary to restore vision and improve circulation through the eye.

Fundus Screening

This test evaluates the retina at the back of the eye for changes related to Diabetes.

Diabetic Retina Screening

A specialized examination of the retina will find abnormalities that could lead to blindness due to diabetes-related damage, such as bleeding or swelling of the retina (Diabetic Retinopathy).

Diabetic Foot and Ankle Exam

Doctors check for ulcers on the feet or ankles, which may be severe.

Dermatological Assessment

The test includes skin inspection, palpation, and auscultation and may indicate diabetes-related complications such as neuropathy and renal disease.

Neurologic Assessment

The test evaluates gait, motor strength, reflexes, sensation, balance, coordination, cranial nerves, and ocular movements.

The other Diabetes tests and treatments include:

Monofilament Test
Tuning Fork and Visual Perception Tests
Vibration Perception Threshold
Pinprick Test
Ankle Reflexes
Musculoskeletal Assessment
Vascular Assessment
Doppler Ultrasound
Brachial Index (ABI) Test

Thyroid Disorders Management

The treatment of Thyroid Disorders includes:

Thyroidectomy is a surgery to remove the Thyroid Gland.
Total Thyroidectomy helps to remove the entire Thyroid Gland.
Near-Total Thyroidectomy is used to remove the thyroid tissue. The remaining tissue may be too small to produce sufficient thyroid hormone.
Thyroid Lobectomy is a surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland, including most of its lobes (the two halves that make up each lobe).
Lymph Node Dissection is used to remove the lymph nodes around the neck to check for cancer cells that may have spread from elsewhere in the body; it involves making an incision (cut) in your neck.
Thyroid Hormone Therapy is a treatment with synthetic hormones that replace what the body would usually produce on its own.

Thyroid screenings include:

Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test (RAIU)
Dotanoc FDA PET Scan
Advanced Robotic Surgery for Thyroid Nodules (Parathyroid adenoma)
Biopsy
Genetic Testing

Pediatric Growth Disorder Management

The treatment for Paediatric Growth Disorder Management includes hormone therapy and surgery.

Hormone therapy can treat children experiencing a delay in growth and sexual development due to Turner Syndrome or other conditions that affect the Pituitary Gland.
Surgery can correct defects in the hands, feet, or skull that result in abnormal growth patterns.

Infertility And Sex-Related Disorders

Infertility is the inability to conceive despite trying for a year. Sex-related disorders include Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Premature Ejaculation (PE), and Female Orgasmic Disorder.

The treatment and diagnosis for male infertility include: