Know About Kidney Stones: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
Dr. Amit Tiwari
4 Min Read
Jul 04, 2023
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Nephrology
Kidney Hospital in Gurgaon
According to the WHO, there are currently 7.8 million people in India with renal diseases. The number of patients is rising significantly annually. Renal diseases include conditions like renal failure, glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. These diseases result from several factors, including diabetes, high blood pressure, genetics, infection, or drug use. Nephrology is concerned with disorders of the kidneys. Nephrologists diagnose and treat kidney disease and other renal conditions such as hypertension and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
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Why Manipal?
Manipal Hospitals, Gurgaon is the finest kidney hospital in Gurgaon. Our kidney specialists in Gurgaon work to diagnose and treat the entire range of renal illnesses. We have kidney transplant surgeons, interventional nephrology radiologists and urologists who work together and treat patients with compassion and respect. The team in the finest nephrology hospital in Haryana consists of Pediatric nephrologists, Nephrologists, Transplant nephrologists, Dialysis nephrologists, and The best nephrologist in Gurgaon.
Treatment & Procedures
This speciality of nephrology deals with kidney transplants which is gaining popularity among patients suffering from end-stage renal disease.
A kidney biopsy involves taking one or more tiny samples of your kidney to look at with special microscopes.
This is a synthetic process that allows a dialysis machine to filter your blood, removing waste and water. The process assists the body's impaired kidney function and is usually adopted while the patient undergoes treatment for the underlying disease, or till a suitable donor kidney becomes available. In the dialysis machine, the blood passes through…
Sometimes it is impossible to find a compatible kidney donor. With urgency mounting, emergency cases may require an ABO incompatible kidney transplant.
This is a procedure by which a small piece of the kidney is surgically removed for lab testing. Biopsies are primarily used to test for cancer, but is also effective in detecting or confirming other forms of kidney disease. The biopsy can be done through minimally invasive methods, although sometimes a surgical biopsy may be needed to identify the…
A paired kidney exchange, also known as a ‘kidney swap occurs when a living kidney donor is incompatible with the recipient, and exchanges kidneys with another donor/recipient pair.
This procedure takes a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor and transplants it into a patient whose kidneys have failed. Without functional kidneys, the body accumulates harmful amounts of waste and fluid, which is a life-threatening situation. Everyone has two kidneys, and it is possible to function normally with just one, this makes it…
CLKT is performed routinely in patients with cirrhosis and associated kidney diseases. Most of these patients have chronic renal failure due to parenchymal kidney diseases, in most cases glomerulopathy associated with alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B or C infection, or chronic renal failure due to kidney rejection after kidney transplantation.
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is becoming the treatment of choice for critically ill paediatric patients as well as neonatal patients with acute kidney injury and congenital errors of metabolism.
Transvaginal route for kidney extraction (TVE) has emerged as a contemporary surgical option during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy to minimize scars and to offer donors cosmetic advantages in tandem with low post-operative pain.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious medical condition which affects lakhs of people. Most cases of AKI are caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, usually in a patient who’s unwell with a health condition. The reduced blood flow could be caused by severe dehydration from excessive vomiting or diarrhoea or low blood volume after bleeding. Patients…
What are Kidney Diseases?
Kidneys look like beans located behind the abdomen. They filter blood and remove excess water, salt and waste products from the body. They also produce hormones that help regulate blood pressure, red blood cell, and urine production.
There are several kidney diseases, including:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CKD causes irreversible damage to the kidneys over time. The severity of the condition varies among patients; however, it can lead to severe complications, including high blood pressure, kidney failure and anaemia.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), occurs when the kidneys stop working correctly for a short period due to trauma or injury. AKI can result from infections such as sepsis or pneumonia, drug reactions, autoimmune diseases like lupus or diabetes mellitus, or exposure to toxins found in cleaning products or paint strippers. Read the blog on kidney stones to know more about the symptoms and treatment options at Manipal Hospitals Gurgaon.
Manipal Hospitals, Gurgaon has the best nephrologist in Gurgaon and offers diagnosis and treatment for an entire range of kidney diseases, including:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Kidney stones
- Glomerulonephritis
- Polycystic kidney disorder
- Urinary tract infections
- Protein in the urine
- Blood in the urine
- Renal failure
- Kidney disorders
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS)
- Hepatorenal issues (Liver and Kidney)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Nephrotic syndrome
- End-stage kidney disease.
Diagnosis Facilities
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Kidney Biopsy
A kidney biopsy is a diagnostic test involving taking small samples of kidney tissue to examine under the microscope, helping the doctor determine the cause of symptoms. The procedure may take an hour and requires only one small incision. A kidney biopsy is usually done as part of an evaluation for kidney disease or as part of treatment for kidney cancer.
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Renal Biopsy
Renal biopsy evaluates the entire renal system for diseases and other conditions such as tumours or infections.
Either a needle or surgical excision can perform a renal biopsy. It can be an outpatient procedure, which is usually minimally invasive and does not require general anaesthesia. However, if the patient has a condition that makes them more vulnerable to complications from surgery.
The most common indication for a renal biopsy is to test for kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis). If this test is positive, further tests are needed to determine whether there are signs of infection or other conditions in the patient's blood system.
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Urine Test
A urine test is a medical procedure in which a health care professional measures the levels of specific components in urine to check for diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or pregnancy. A urine test measures the concentration of glucose (sugar), protein, or ketones (byproducts of fat breakdown) present in your urine. The results of these tests can help the doctor determine certain health conditions that require treatment.
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how well your kidneys filter waste and excess water from your blood. It is also a measure of how well the kidneys are working overall. A normal GFR means the kidneys remove the right amount of water, salts, and other substances from the blood. A low GFR can result from diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or certain medications.
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Ultrasound and CT Scan
Ultrasound and CT scans are two kinds of imaging exams that can diagnose kidney diseases. Ultrasound creates kidney images using sound waves. It identifies kidney stones or cysts. The doctor inserts a device into the rectum, vagina, or urethra and moves it around until they find the affected area. CT Scan creates an image of the internal organs using X-rays when there are signs of tumour or swelling in the kidneys or bladder. The doctor will inject IV contrast dye into the vein before taking a scan so they can see any unusual tissue more clearly on the screen.
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Blood Creatinine Test
A blood creatinine test determines the amount of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced when the muscles break down for energy. Kidneys remove creatinine as part of their waste removal processes, but sometimes it builds up to high levels. The test measures the quantity of creatinine in the urine. A healthy person has 0.7 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Excess creatinine in urine can indicate kidney disease or damage from another condition.
Treatment Facilities
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Dialysis
Dialysis is a treatment for kidney disease. It helps remove waste and extra blood fluid to live everyday life. Hemodialysis and peritoneal are two dialysis types. Hemodialysis needs a machine to filter the blood, while peritoneal uses a pouch attached to the abdomen that collects waste and fluid from the blood. In kidney disease, the kidneys may not filter toxins from the body, causing a buildup in the blood, leading to serious health problems like anaemia and infections. Dialysis helps by removing waste products from the blood so they do not build up in the body.
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Kidney Transplantation
Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure of moving a kidney from one location to another. A kidney transplant involves two significant steps: removing the patient's existing kidneys and implanting the new kidney into the body. Removing and implanting a kidney can take several hours and requires general anaesthesia. After the operation, hospitalisation is recommended depending on the patient's health and the type of transplant.
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ABO-incompatible and Paired Exchange Transplantation
Transplantation is a life-saving procedure that can give a second chance at life. Two types of transplantation involve the exchange of donor organs between recipients: ABO-incompatible and paired exchange transplantation. In ABO-incompatible transplantation, a recipient's blood type is incompatible with the blood type of the donor organ (e.g., an O-negative kidney transplanted into a patient with blood type A). The recipient, therefore, requires anti-rejection drugs to prevent the body from rejecting its new organ.
In paired exchange organ donation, one donor donates a kidney to a recipient; then their family member donates a kidney for their loved one. The second donor's kidney treats someone else who is waiting for a kidney transplant.
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Swap Kidney transplantations
When a family needs a kidney transplant and cannot donate to their loved one, they can turn to swap kidney transplantation. Swap kidney transplantation is exchanging kidneys when two families cannot donate to their loved ones due to a blood group mismatch, increasing organ transplant chances by avoiding shortage.
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Combined Liver and Kidney Transplant
Liver and kidney transplantation is a complex procedure that involves two separate organs. If one of the organs fails, the other may also be damaged, and it can be challenging to identify which organ is failing. Even though one might have one or more functioning kidneys, they may not work as well as they should.
Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CKDT) helps patients with cirrhosis and associated kidney ailments. Combined liver and kidney transplants have better survival rates and overall outcomes than those who did not receive this treatment.
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Neonatal and Paediatric CRRT Procedure
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) treats patients with acute kidney injury or who have undergone kidney transplantation. It helps to filter blood and remove waste products. Continuous renal replacement therapy treats neonatal and paediatric patients unable to sustain adequate fluid balance and metabolic requirements through oral or intravenous routes. Continuous renal replacement therapy aims to maintain a stable electrolyte composition in the circulation while severely limiting protein loss from the glomerular filtrate into the urine.
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Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the kidney from the donor and places it in a recipient. The donor's abdomen is cut open with a small incision, which allows the doctor to access the kidney. The doctor removes the donor's kidney using specialised tools and surgical instruments. Surgeons transplant the kidney into the recipient's body, where it will begin working immediately to filter waste products from their blood.
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Critical Care Nephrology
Kidney health is a serious matter. It can be challenging if the kidneys are failing. Critical care nephrology provides a multidisciplinary approach to treating acute kidney injury (AKI), a severe condition that can lead to renal failure and death. AKI occurs when blood flow through the kidneys reduces due to severe dehydration from excessive vomiting, diarrhoea, or kidney bleeding. The combined team of critical care physicians, nephrologists and cardiologists can help address the multiple needs of critically ill kidney patients.
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Desensitisation Therapy
Desensitisation Therapy is a treatment for kidney mismatches where the donor's kidney is not a perfect match for the recipient's blood type. The most common cause of Desensitisation Therapy is when a patient's blood type does not match that of their donor or if they have an antibody in their bloodstream that will destroy their new kidney.
Desensitisation Therapy aims to reduce blood antibodies so new kidneys can function correctly. A series of injections are given over a while until the antibodies succeed. It is used for kidney transplant rejection and works by slowly exposing the body to small amounts of protein in the donor organ.
Visit the best nephrology hospital in Gurgaon to get the finest treatment with the help of a team of neurologists at Manipal Hospitals.
Facilities & Services
At Manipal Hospitals, Gurgaon, our expertise includes the following:
Dialysis
- Hemodialysis IP & OP (Adult/Pediatric/Neonatal)
- Peritoneal Dialysis – CAPD/CCPD (Adult/Pediatric)
- SLED – Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis
- CRRT- Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
- Nocturnal Dialysis
- Plasmapheresis
- Mobile Dialysis
- Online Hemodiafiltration HDF.
Desensitisation Therapy
- Plasmapheresis
- Immunoadsorption
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Kidney biopsy
- Laparoscopic or robotic surgeries
- Transplants
- Vascular access.
- Kidney doctor in Gurgaon
- Kidney treatment in Gurgaon.
FAQ's
After gathering general information about your health from you, your nephrologist will review your medical history, and do a complete physical examination. Then he might order blood and urine tests to determine the functioning of your kidneys.
It is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders of the renal system such as 1.Protein in the Urine 2.Blood in the urine 3.Renal failure: A) Acute and B) Chronic 4.Kidney disease 5.Kidney stones 6.Kidney infections 7.Polycystic kidney disease 8.Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) 9.Hepato renal problems (Liver and Kidney) 10.The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 11.Nephrotic syndrome 12.End-stage kidney disease
Kidneys are responsible for the removal of waste for the body by filtering the body's blood and producing urine. But in a circumstance of Kidney failure, the kidney loses 85 to 90% of its functionality, leading to the need for dialysis, which will filter the blood for waste, salt, and extra water.
Also called ESRD, end-stage renal disease is the last stage of chronic kidney disease. When kidneys fail, it means it has stopped working, and the patient needs dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. If it is acute meaning temporary can be corrected in most instances.
Patients with chronic irreversible kidney disease who do not respond to any medical treatments, and are either on dialysis or would need dialysis will be eligible for a kidney transplant.
Having a medical condition like kidney failure or a chronic kidney condition can affect your whole life. Manipal Hospitals has dedicated to providing high-quality, personalized care and building long-term partnerships with its patients. Contact us to know more about nephrological problems and book an appointment with one of our Nephrology specialists today.
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